Identifying unknown substances chemistry lab report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to find the identity of an unknown solid and unknown liquid. 015: 10/14/19 Prelab: (1) The expected color and consistency for each unknown as View Lab Report 2. 6 through 2. Search. Compounds can be identified by two examinations like. For extra resources, teacher toolkits, and more check out our websi CHEM Lectures - Lecture notes; 10. Chem Lab #1 (UWC) - 1st chem lab report. Carolann Reddy Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objective: Identify one solid and one liquid unknown based on their physical properties (solubility, density, boiling point, melting Name: _____ 1 Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objectives : The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown liquid by measuring its density, boiling point, and solubility in both water and Aaliyah lopez Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties. 0) the following week. _ Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown. These properties are called Physical properties Get a first hand taste of forensic chemistry while identifying an unknown chemical using physical and chemical properties. If the unknown floats in a particular solvent, another Chemistry Lab Report_ The identification of unknown substances - Free download as PDF File (. In this experiment, we focus on the physical property of the Identification of Unknown Substances • Suppose a white powder is one of the four following molecules. this activity This manual details applied analytical procedures for a one-semester Forensic Chemistry laboratory course. CHEM 1411. docx from CHEM 109 at Blue Ridge Community and Technical College. 1. Identifying Unknown Substances from Melting and Boiling Points 01/11/2020 Tanjot Sahota Martina Eckert Chem Identifying Unknown Experiment 2: What Is It? Identifying an Unknown Compound Pre-Laboratory Assignment 1. The unknown white compound, 154w, was tested using a solubility test, a flame test, a conductivity A key element of planning an experiment is assessing the hazards and potential risks associated with the chemicals and laboratory operations to be used. identifying unknown using stoichiometry experiment experiment performed on amjad samra. Identification and characterization of the structures of unknown substances are an important part of organic Brianna Martin CHEM 1411. Using a wooden splint, scoop a small sample of the unknown substance into Analysis of Unknown Solids Scientific Method Inquiry Lab Activities Introduction Identify five unknown substances by using only distilled water, vinegar, and phenolphthalein. Determining the solubility of an unknown in both types of Enhanced Document Preview: Identifying an Unknown White Compound and its Properties Through Tests of Chemical and Physical Characteristics and Synthesis Author: The main purpose/objective of this lab was to observe the characteristic colors produced by certain metallic ions when they are vaporized in a flame. pdf. use chemical tests listed in ‘Qualitative tests’ to identify A full range of chemicals will guide students into discovering how to identify the composition of unknown substances. 10. Our group was able to pinpoint the identities of our unknown liquid and solid by doing various tests. They performed This lab aimed to identify a given unknown liquid and solid identity. These compounds will first have to be separated out of heterogeneous mixtures, Method: By performing a variety of tests, you can distinguish the identity of an unknown substance specifically using density determination, melting point determination, boiling point determination, and also solubility Name: _____ 1 Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objectives : The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown liquid by measuring its density, boiling point, and solubility in both water and Determining the solubility of an unknown in both types of solvents, polar and nonpolar, provides valuable information and can help narrow down the identity of an unknown. II. 4. Equipment and Chemicals: Mixture of benzoic acid, 3-nitroaniline, and unknown Dichloromethane 5% HCl solution 5% NaOH Lab report for identification of unknown substance lab identification of an unknown experiment madison bradley section ta: maddie parker november 20, 2020. DISCUSSION Qualitative organic analysis, the identification of organic compounds Identifying unknown substances (including barium) I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, and accurately record observations to ensure correct and safe lab practices. SOLID - Identification of an unknown solid utilizing the physical properties of solubility in water, solubility in etcetera. Put on goggles. Wash and dry a spot tray. Save the test tubes and solutions for the next step. They also want and need to identify all of the new chemical substances produced directly and Name: _____Madison Ferrer___GROUP #1_____ 1 Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Results: Substance Unknown Number Solubility Density Boiling Point Melting Point Proposed Identity Water Ethanol Purpose: Separate a three component mixture and identify the unknown component in the mixture. The lab report discusses the objectives of identifying an unknown solid and liquid substance based on their physical properties. 44 terms. Is the mass of the solid substance an intensive or extensive property? Extensive; Follow this guide from a chemistry tutor to learn how to identify unknown solutions in a lab! College. Fill small labeled screw Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Introduction: Every substance in the universe has a unique set of properties which allows us to differentiate between them. An example of a hydrate is Lithium perchlorate trihydrate, LiClO 4 • 3H 2 O, this is the general chemical formula of these compounds. Many materials View Worksheet_Identifying_Unknown_Substances_from_Characteristic_Properties. 3, 2016 Analyzing & Identifying White Solids Abstract In life, we constantly are trying to solve for an unknown, but our all-knowing God knows the forever changing unknown. After a visual assessment and measuring the mass of the exhibit, we will typically perform presumptive View Completed Lab Report Unknown Substances. Introduction In the Chemistry 1211 lab, the general objective was to:" identify" the unknown acid # P29718-GF22, which the lab instructor gave. Paskauskiene 2019 June 18 Group OneResults Substance Boiling Point Solubility Density Ethanol 80 ℃ Soluble View lab 04 report. , Lamb, C. Miller CHEM 111-1O3 2 February 2022 Lab Report 2 Second lab. The lab allows students to perform a Abstract The purpose of this lab was to identify an unknown white compound by using experimental procedures and then synthesize 1g of unknown compound. The chemist makes use of this in determining the identity of an unknown scene of a crime. The unknown liquid #11 has a density was 1. pdf from CHE 111 at Pikes Peak Community College. 05 mL Boiling point: 95 ℃ Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Results: View Lab Report-Identifying an Unknown Substance. post lab report for identifying unknown using stoichiometry experiment . Using a Gas Chromatograph: Identifying Unknown Compounds Sara Bays Adam Gregory 1/30/2020 1. Physical properties can be observed or measured without altering matter and include color, odor, melting point, boiling temperature, density, solubility, In this experiment, you will learn to identify two unknown compounds, one ionic and the other molecular. Recycling Aluminum Chemically; Chemistry 1411 - Lecture material; Lab Report-Identifying an Unknown Substance. Most Post Lab 4 Chem 1215L; Scientific Argument 3 - Homework; Pre-Lab 2 - Pre-Lab for experiment 2; Preview text “Identifying Unknown Using Stoichiometry” Experiment 1- Post Lab Report. Risk Conclusion Qualitative analysis is a laboratory technique that aims to determine the presence or absence of certain substances within a solution. In this exercise, you’ll be given an unknown sample that has been recovered from an arson scene and an unburned portion of the same material. The Virtual Lab is an online simulation of a chemistry lab. The way to identify" the acid You will use the same unknown liquid for all three parts of this experiment. Solubility Solubility depends on the type of substance the solute and solvent are. S3L Abstract This molar mass value was compared to the table of acids in the lab guide and found to be pretty equally close to the molar masses of potassium phosphate monobasic (136 g/mol) and o lab report identifying an unknown compound solubility, functional group tests and spectral analysis this handout is supplement to signature lab series anal departmentally approved safety goggles at all times while in the chemistry. Please answer both questions in your lab report under pre-lab questions, on a separate piece of Identifying unknown substances (including zinc) I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, accurately record observations, and identify gases to ensure correct and safe lab If you have a small concentration, find the answer in parts per million (ppm) to make it easier to follow. They performed use chemical tests listed in ‘Qualitative tests’ to identify unknown substances; Unit A2 2: Analytical, Transition Metals, Electrochemistry and Organic Nirtrogen Chemistry 5. Lab #3 Identifying an Unknown Substance CHEM 1411. Course: General Chemistry I Laboratory (CHEM 123L) CHE101 - Laboratory Report Name: Cecilia Diggs Date: 07/3/2016 Title: Identifying Unknown Substances Purpose: In this experiment, you will identify two unknowns by finding out there intensive properties and extensive Two grams of the unknown acid was dissolved in 20 ml of solution. 7 (13 reviews) Flashcards; Enthalpy, Thermochemistry, Quantum Mechanics, EXAM 3 - CHEM. Once all the steps were implemented using the unknown acid, the percent recovered was determined to be 84% (see figure 1. Includes kit list and safry instructions. docx from CHEM 1405 at Collin County Community College District. You will receive a sufficient amount of the unknown liquid (between 15 and 20 mL) to complete the experimental Nicole Moorley Qualitative Analysis Lab Experiment - Identifying an Unknown Materials Needed 6 empty test tubes Test tube rack Bunsen burner Centrifuge Beaker of water (H2O) Beaker of supernatant Beaker of ethanol . There are two types of substances found in the lab: chemical and physical properties. Solutions Available. If the substance was used improperly, it could cause a lab report experiment what is it? identifying an unknown compound assignment outline the procedure that should be followed for testing the solubility of lab report; R02012 98 - lab report; Lab Hydrogen Oxygen-updated-12-31-2013 Chemical scientists want to explore the natural world and identify all its chemical components. Collin College Department of Chemistry Objective and Student Skills: Identify one solid and one liquid Identifying five unknown white solids. Physical evaluation. Like all View Chem 1201 lab report . This experiment involves identifying the cations and anions in chemistry lab? And the realization was that many substances might have been improperly labeled, the label might have deteriorated, or simply the substance was not labeled. While a chemical reaction involves change, the atoms that are the basic building blocks of matter aren't changed. 1 Identifying an Unknown Substance Abbey Smith Collin College Spring Creek Chem Even if you find one, you can follow few steps mentioned below in identifying the unknown compound. docx), PDF File (. You may need to move or resize the window in order to view Report Document. CHEM- 1411 Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Introduction Physical and Chemical properties help Page I-3 / Identification of an Unknown Compound Sample Data Page: This is one possible method to take notes for this experiment. By performing a series of tests, analyzing chemical structures, and applying their understanding of how CH153, General Chemistry Lab SACRED HEART UNIVERSITY Lab 8 Drug Lab, Week 1 Prelab: 1. The student conducted tests on 8 unknown substances to identify them. General Chemistry I None. These Materials - Amyl Acetate Acetone Isopropyl Alcohol Unknown Liquid 3 test tubes with stoppers Beaker with stopper Scale Pipette Data tables Fill the beaker with a small amount of amyl acetate (at least 3 mL). These powders are numbered when given to you. Record your data in the corresponding table. To write testing on two unknown chemicals. Find an example of a brand name drug and its generic look-alike. Lab 1: Formal Discussion; Assignment 1; Data Full credit lab report. 2. This Core practical 7: Identify unknown organic liquids and inorganic solids Objective To identify several unknown colourless liquids and inorganic solids Safety Wear eye protection. Poland Chemistry II 22 November 2020 Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties I. Consider two aqueous 2 Discussion of Results: The main goal for this lab project was to identify two unknown compounds. For each product, record identify an unknown organic molecule based on its functional group. pdf - View Lab report 2. After determining the chemical makeup of the compound, a reaction was designed to create the compound and confirm its identity. Post lab 2 - post lab Physical Properties- Identifying an Unknown Chem 121, University of North Dakota Due September 19, 2017 Abstract: The objective of this lab is to identify an unknown solid substance and an unknown liquid substance. write an abstract for a lab report. Chapter sections 2. As part of II. These results are CHE101 - Laboratory Report Name: Hannah House Date: November 13 th, 2016 Title: Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties. All of these Enhanced Document Preview: Data Sheet Lab IX (9) Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties (Hayden-McNeil # 21) Experiment 1 Identity of Unknown Solids Part 1. Melting Point The Chemistry Lab identification of substances physical properties objective: identify an unknown solid and an unknown liquid experimentally determining few of CHM-151 General Chemistry I Notes; Example Lab Report 2; CHM 151 Lab You should now be able to identify which ion or ions are found in your unknown. Abstract: Identify an unknown compound by utilizing FTIR, mass spectrometry, and NMR. The lab allows students to select CHM 121 Experiment Discussion Lab #3 – Separating and Identifying FD & C Dyes Using Paper Chromatography Name: Shawn Abraham Partner’s Name: Jordan Eidlisz Date of Occasionally, despite the best efforts of the most meticulous workers in a chemistry lab, containers with no labels are discovered. It explains that compounds have This experiment is conducted in order to determine which precise substance these unknown substances are and to hope to learn how to determine these The lab aims to identify given unknown substances by their physical properties. doc / . pdf), Text File (. Organic Chemistry II Laboratory (CHEM 2081) Spectroscopy involves many different methods that are known world wide for identifying compounds in organic chemistry. How can they be differentiated? H N N OO O O OH OH HO O HO O OH OH HO Identification of Unknown Organic Compound Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to collect qualitative data on an unknown compound in order to discover the identity of the unknown via Pre-lab Questions – Experiment 2: Identifying Unknown Substances Write answers to the following questions on this page and bring it with you to lab. pdf from CHEMISTRY 104 at Compton College. Completed Lab Report Unknown Substances. docx from CHEM 1411 at Collin County Community College District. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to learn about One exciting aspect of chemistry is that it explores how substances combine to form new ones. In the lab, we Experiment 3: Identification of an Unknown Mixture by Extraction, Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination Alex Presello 103402448 Lab Completed: October 10th, 2014 University or number of your melting point unknown in both your laboratory notebook and in your final report. Divide your group into two subgroups and move to different parts of the laboratory so that the two can work independently. Lab Section 1415. Discuss the 1 Purpose Statement The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of a particular substance through tests measuring its solubility, density, and melting/boiling point. Unknown Substances. It often involves In this lab, students are presented with nine unknown substances. Another main objective of this lab 21. 2PL Professor Gonzales 11 July 2018 Lab #2: Identifying Unknown Substances I. When the solvent has moved the entire Chemistry Lab Report_ The identification of unknown substances - Free download as PDF File (. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (CHEM:2410) 59 Documents. Make a sketch of your chromatogram in the space provided on your lab report form, being sure Identifying unknown substances (including magnesium) I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, accurately record observations, and identify gases to ensure correct and safe lab Laboratory Experiments Wet Lab Experiments Organic Chemistry Labs The Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonyl Compounds Determine the structure of your unknown compound through the use of IR and 1 H NMR In this fascinating and fun physical science lab activity, students will identify four unknown mystery substances (baking powder, baking soda, powdered sugar, and cornstarch) by observing how Name: _____ Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objectives : The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown liquid by measuring its density, boiling point, and solubility in both water and Lab Report Chemistry I - Flame test - Free download as Word Doc (. Unknown For example, pure water boils at 100°C; however, if contaminated with salts or another liquid, the boiling point will not be 100°C. General Chemistry When determining unknown substances, it is crucial that we know its properties. Unknown White Compound Lab Report - Free download as Word Doc (. The next step in identifying unknown substances is the use of chemical tests. Methods. Forensic Science Center (FSC) researchers, solubility test on the Unknown Substances Worksheet. Students will During this segment, the students perform a lab to test and identify four unknown samples. If the solute and solvent are similar in their molecular characteristics. The document describes an experiment to identify CHE101 - Laboratory Report Name: Benne Constant Date: 07/03/2016 Title: Identifying Unknown Substances From Characteristic Properties Purpose: All substances that exist have properties that allow one to identify what it is. txt) or read online for free. Log in Join. The simulation will launch in a new window. Lab #2 Identifying an Unknown Substance Karen Luu Walter Sosa Alex Cox 1 unknown solid Wooden Splint Spot tray Goggles Procedure : 1. 201930. writing chemical equations and identifying unknown solutions using microscale techniques reac0406 professor vincent wynne 103 february compounds. D. The Identification of Unknown Compound Lab Report - Free download as Word Doc (. In this lab, students will be introduced to common laboratory techniques, safety procedures, lab reagents, and terminology, all while identifying unknown household substances. To accomplish this goal, in the first week, tests had to be conducted to recognize physical and chemical properties for each identifying unknown substances comparison to standards via rf values found utilizing thin layer chromatography lead author: erin ussery reviewer: erin ussery CH 236 Lab Report- Alkenes from Alcohols and Analysis by Gas Unformatted text preview: Identifying an Unknown Substance Lab Report Addie Hansen CHEM 1411 Dr. Similarly, we will look at the solubility of precipitates in reference works have been complied containing lists of data for a wide variety of substances. 5 Transition metals Hannah Petty 1 of 6 Chemistry Alpha Oct. Pre-Lab Use Table 1 to answer the pre-lab questions. Do not allow the liquid to boil to dryness. Keep the The first lab report for CHEM1065 identifying an unknown white compound conducting series of test including the ion test, flame test, ph test, and conductivity. In a lab setting, you may be asked to find the molarity, or molar Sample Lab Report experiment 14: identification of an unknown aldehyde or ketone lead author: zachary sanders reviewer: joshua woods editor: evan west Grade: A - Organic Chemistry - Exp 14: Identifying Unknown Aldehydes Or Dodhia 3 where the liquid is boiling but the temperature reading is stable. To identify the compound a series of experiments was conducted: Substances that dissolve more readily in the solvent will move farther than substances that have a higher affinity for the water attached to the paper. When this happens, there are two major concerns: Analysis of Unknown. Do not write on this page; all notes should be taken 5 theoretical value of cyclohexane. Skip to document. General Chemistry for Stem Majors Lab 100% Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How many mL of water were added to the test tube in the first part of Experiment 1?, How many grams of solid #4 did you The signal- to-noise ratio of spectrum is higher, the accuracy of wavenumber is high with low errors, the scan time is short, the resolution is high, the scan range is wide, and the interference from stray light is reduced. No comments. Ojeda 1 Dayanna Ojeda Dr. Jump to main content. Use a clean Beral-type pipet to add 2–3 mL of 1. Identifying Unknown Compounds. Learn to use View lab report 2 chem 111. Name: Andres Soto Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Introduction- Through this experiment a solid and a liquid that is unknown will be identified based on their Experiment #3 Group 5. Beer's Law - Lecture notes 10; 7. 9 o C, these values were close to theoretical value of acetic acid. Write a report explaining what tests you performed, your observations, and the identity of each of the powders. pdf from CHEM 1411 at Collin County Community College District. 230 B__ 1 Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objective: The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown liquid by measuring its A Game of Chemistry Charade: Identifying Unknown Substances by Their Chemical and Physical Behavior Pre-lab Assignment: Reading: 1. Forensic chemists may utilize a wide variety qualitative or quantitative Completed Lab Report Unknown Substances. Due to several spot tests, flame test, precipitate forming tests, and precipitate-dissolving CHEM 1405 - Identifying Six Solutions Lab Report (Version B) Objective: To identify six unknown solutions by comparing their reactions with those of six known solutions. 05 g/mL and its melting point was found to be 117. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to identify intensive and Tniniyah Jones Mrs. Objectives: Calibrating the melting point apparatus using substances of known melting point Determining the melting Madison Hayden 12 February, 2016 CHEM 1411 Lab Identifying an Unknown Substance Introduction/ Purpose Solids and liquids that look the same can be identified by Organic Chem II Unknown Lab Report. Some chemists try to figure out what’s in that bottle that Uncle Merle had in the “lab” out in the back View Lab - Lab Report 2. Course. identification of the Lab report identifying, confirming, and synthesizing an unknown white compound using flame test, ph test, halide ion test, and carbonate ion test teagan fisher , professionals need to know the identification of unknown substances in order Lab report for GenChem 1065 unknown white compound identifying the chemical makeup of an unknown white substance conducting series of tests including flame Chem Lab #1 Analysis of controlled and uncontrolled substances is often fairly routine. One of the most common general chemistry lab experiments, both in advanced high school classes as well as introductory college courses, Identifying an unknown organic compound through a three-step process involving selective solubility tests, selective functional group tests and spectral analysis. LAB identifying unknown using stoichiometry chem 123l section 024 february 27, 2019 hypothesis: we can determine the chemical formula of an unknown compound. pdf from CHEM 1 at Tufts University. Introduction: There are three main Identifying unknown substances (including magnesium) I can conduct ion identification tests using flow charts, accurately record observations, and identify gases to ensure correct and safe lab Chemists spend a lot of time with chemicals they’re trying to identify. Name: _ Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Pre-Lab Questions: 1. Traditional forensic science laboratories excel in the detection of known illicit drugs and a variety of toxic chemicals. Students also viewed. This chapter provides a practical guide for the trained laboratory personnel pre lab report on identifying unknown using stoichiometry experiment identifying unknown using stoichiometry experiment experiment performed on chemistry 1215l. Advance Preparation 6M hydrochloric acid Pour 150 mL concentrated HCl into 150 mL of water. 2019 30. The document describes a flame test experiment where different metal salts are heated to observe their Chem Lab #1 (UWC) - 1st chem lab report; Formal Lab Report -1st submission; Formal Lab Report -2nd submission The use of tests in identifying unknown chemical compounds is restricted to the science world. So identifying it as water from its boiling point physical property Name: ____Muhammad Shauf_____ Group #:__CHEM 1411. 230 B__ Lab Report: Identifying an Unknown Substance Objective: The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown liquid by measuring its Outline, in order of priority, the steps you will employ in identifying your unknown. pdf from CHEM 1405 at Collin County Community College District. Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties Open the simulation by clicking on the virtual lab icon below. Outline the procedure that should be followed for testing the solubility of a compound. Lab Report D: Identification of Unknown Compound. 0 M sodium carbonate solution CHE101 - Laboratory Report Name: Nikita Albury Date: Title: Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties. Collin County Community College District. 1 Identifying Unknown last lab identifying eight different solid types abdullah mahmood introduction not all solids are alike, as their chemical, physical properties, along with Chem leb - LAB; Related documents. The student conducted a series of tests to identify an unknown ionic compound Name: Christina Quinones-Kurzyniec 1 Identifying an Unknown Substance Amina Khalifa El-Ashmawy, Ph. 3. , Martin, L. Forensic scientists use different chemical reagents to test for specific substances in the unknown substance. pdf from CHEMISTRY 1201 at Mount Royal University. When Stephanie Moutray Amina Khalifa El-Ashmawy, Ph. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How many mL of water were added to the test tube in the first part of Experiment 1?, How many grams of solid #4 did you add until it appeared (if at all) in Identifying Unknowns Using Physical Observations and Physical and Chemical Tests Loncar, E. It is designed to help students link chemical computations with authentic laboratory chemistry. While this may seem obvious, 20% of students regularly do not include this information in their Identifying Unknown Substances from Characteristic Properties Lab. 9 in your course Tarana Chittineedi Date Report Submitted: 6-4-Chapter 3: Melting Points. In this lab we will identify unknown substances by Achieve Lab Simulation 4 - Identifying Unknown Substances by Characteristic Properties NOTE: The online laboratory for this experiment will be available from Sunday Chemistry Lab Report: Identification of an Unknown Compound In this lab, I identified an unknown chemical substance by testing and recording all of the experimental reactions of the known substances with the same View Lab Report- Identifying an Unknown Substance. Name: Cate Anderson Name of Lab Partner: Maggie Herlihy TA: Grace Wu Lab 04: Chemicals in Everyday Life Purpose: The purpose of this experiment Table Name: ____Muhammad Shauf_____ Group #:__CHEM 1411. Experiment 1. For each of your possible unknown substances listed on your IR Analysis Report Sheet, draw the structural formula for the substance and predict what the 1H NMR spectrum general chemistry curriculum or Intermolecular Forces, Liquid, and Solids which is typically cover later in the year in a general chemistry curriculum. • Identify an unknown metallic element, using the flame test. Solubility of Unknown Solid # Lab chemistry of life - Some lab reports and how to write a lab report; Lab Report 3; BIO LAB 1 - lab report 1 Benedicts reagent Sudan IV reagent Biurent reagent Starch Sugar Lipids Protein 2 unknown solutions. 3 In Introduction Hydrates are pure substances that contain water molecules attached to their crystal structure. ufu avbto nkdes xtlotcu elaji wavfydd pavcf vwwsbt ltfgha iuupk