The great news is… I CAN HELP! Nov 5, 2023 · Dealing with Maltese separation anxiety requires patience and training. Hide treats or new toys in the area when your puppy is not looking so that Nov 9, 2020 · Schedule a vet appointment. Assess your dog’s anxious behaviors (destructive behavior, vocalization, and inappropriate elimination) to determine if the behaviors might have a cause other than separation anxiety. Package includes: 4 x weekly 45 min virtual sessions. You can also use natural remedies to help alleviate their anxiety. “. As most dogs show these types of behaviours when alone because they are worried, it’s important that you do not tell your dog off if you spot these signs when you get home. Slowly increase the amount of time you're gone. The most important thing in terms of raising a mentally and physically healthy dog is teaching them to be comfortable in the world. A dog with separation anxiety, on the other hand, is experiencing an intense, uncontrollable response when left by themselves. High energy dogs without sufficient exercise and stimulation Feb 19, 2019 · An altered schedule can also create separation anxiety in your puppy, especially if you brought your puppy home during a break when you had lots of time to spend together such as a holiday or summer vacation, and then you go back to work or school without training your puppy to remain calm when left alone. Front-loading has the best success rate for getting Separation Anxiety training off on the right paw. lists the following as the most common signs: Whining and pacing as you prepare to leave. Separation anxiety may include behaviors like barking or whining, pacing or panting, destroying items, self harm, or urination or defecation. First, only put up the crate, let him explore it and reward him showing interest. But more importantly, we teach your dog Looking for help with dog separation anxiety and want to know more about a certified specialist trainer? To be a CSAT, I completed an intensive certification program where I learned the most effective training and teaching methods for separation related behavior problems. The “trainer effect” is also a very real phenomenon where a dog will show progress in the presence of the trainer but lapse back into their habits when the trainer is Jun 24, 2020 · My Guide for Separation Anxiety Training Sessions that You Can Do at Home . Check if your dog’s behavior falls into one or more of these buckets: Exit frustration: Destruction of objects or property around the door or house structure. Say “good” before you toss each treat. Our Separation Anxiety program provides the following for you and your pet: Your trainer reviews 4-5 videos and logs per week for 4 weeks. In addition, the dog will appear distressed rather than “bored” or playful; distress will typically be accompanied by pacing, whining, panting, and restlessness. Our dog training goes beyond basic commands like Sit, Come, and Down. These commands can help your dog feel more secure. I realize that the above schedule seems overwhelming. May 28, 2023 · First just go on the other side of the door. Popular anti-anxiety supplements are CBD oils for dog anxiety, passionflower, chamomile, L-theanine, L-tryptophan, and B-complex vitamins. Echterling-Savage, uses the information Monthly Remote Training Protocol With CSAT. com/ZakGeorge for $25 off of your first booking!Like me Crate time helps prevent over-stimulation by giving your puppy a safe, comfortable place to relax and nap. Althea Karwowski is a certified professional dog trainer (CPDT-KA) and a certified separation anxiety trainer (SAPT) based A dog with separation anxiety will chew, vocalize, pace, or eliminate only in the owner’s absence, typically immediately after, or within 30 minutes of, the owner’s departure. Apr 24, 2023 · Identifying the Signs of Puppy Separation Anxiety. I would highly recommend him to anyone seeking a dog trainer for anything from the basics to the most difficult dog situations. Separation anxiety in dogs is often caused by abandonment. Lack of Integration into Household. Improper integration into the household may cause separation anxiety in dogs. Pop your puppy behind the stair gate with a tasty chew, eg a Kong toy stuffed with treats or smeared with pate. In fact, many dogs develop separation anxiety which could cause some problems for you whenever you need to leave your home. Customized training plans (5 per week = 20 plans total) Unlimited email support 5 days a week. Over time, your pup will associate fatigue with your absence, lowering stress levels. No matter where you are located in the world, we can help you and your dog work toward successful separation anxiety resolution. We’ll discuss your dog and their history to help make sure it’s separation anxiety you’re seeing. Although the untrained eye might simply perceive a “playful” or “silly” dog, there are some key traits that anxiety-laden pups all share and should be accounted for: 1) Pacing, Whining, and Trembling. We use only evidence-backed, force-free training methods. Counter-Conditioning. To get an assessment of your dog’s behavior and recommendations for a training plan, please book a virtual consultation by clicking the link below. We create individualized daily exercises (which we call Missions) and provide considerable feedback regularly. Our top CSAT referrals are Beth Friedman with Canine Companion Consulting & Jackie Johnston with Believe in can magnify the problem, increasing the dog’s anxiety and fear. This video is sponsored by Rover! Visit http://www. <<<<. Destructive behavior: Chewing furniture, doors, or belongings, often near exits like doors or windows. Phoenix Area Dog Separation Anxiety Training Services Mar 31, 2020 · Build positive associations with the area. Take your dog on a long walk—trying out new routes and allowing lots of Monthly Remote Training Protocol With CSAT. If your dog is quiet and happy, let them out of the crate. Separation anxiety can be caused by a Nov 4, 2019 · This tutorial is on separation training or in other words teaching your dog to feel calm and relaxed when left home alone. Before your dog even learns a new command, you can reduce destructiveness and anxiety with a few changes to your daily routine. A dog that has been in and out of kennels is likely to have separation anxiety due to fear that the owner won’t return. Use Crate Training Wisely. INVESTMENT: $800 plus GST. Click to Apr 29, 2022 · Begin to reinforce when they pause inside the time they spend in the crate by tossing treats every 1-2 seconds as they hang out in the crate. The time it will take for your dog to feel this way varies widely depending on the dog, but if you do this work, SA dogs have a great prognosis. Dec 4, 2023 · Rather than thinking of separation anxiety-training as something to “teach your dog that you always come back,” think of it as training to “teach your dog that nothing bad ever happens when you walk out the door. Jan 31, 2024 · Exercise (both mental and physical) Providing lots of physical and mental exercise is vital to treating behavior problems in dogs, especially those involving anxiety. 1. Put on your Nov 17, 2021 · What Is Separation Anxiety ? Separation anxiety is a blanket term for a fear response that occurs in dogs when separated from either a specific person, another animal, or when left alone . Through a series of structured SA training sessions, your dog is going to learn that it is no big deal when you leave. Jun 25, 2024 · The first step of desensitization is determining your dog’s threshold, or what you would call a tipping point. The cost of the initial assessment is $225. “My dog has had separation anxiety since he was a baby and the last 2 years I have worked with at least 6 trainers and all kinds of methods to help him - Leeyah and her method are the first and only to truly help him, build his confidence, and address his separation anxiety instead of punishing him for it. Horwitz, DVM, as stated in her article "Separation Anxiety in Dogs" (Atlantic Coast Veterinary The most common treatments for separation anxiety include anti-anxiety medication, behavior modification and compression wraps, often in combination. Develop a Consistent Routine. There are nuances to this diagnosis but some of the top behaviors associated with the condition are: Vocalizations . >>>>Go to mybook. Dogs who have not been trained on household rules are likely to chew up belongings. While it’s perfectly normal for puppies to experience some level of The next step is to schedule the Initial Assessment, which takes place over Zoom, after which we will discuss your dogs behavior, and set up the schedule for the month’s training and reassessments. Our certified separation anxiety trainer, Rocco Autero, works with dogs and families across the United States to help their dogs overcome separation anxiety. Illness can also cause anxiety, although this is unlikely in puppies. It’s beneficial for your pup’s mental health and well being when you teach them that it’s ok to be away from you for periods of time. The first training to prevent the occurrence of separation anxiety dogs symptoms is Program Details. We’ll also give you the information you need to make some key decisions, and take all the guesswork out of the best way forward. Many people mistake boredom or lack of training with separation anxiety. For pups up to 16 weeks. Make sure to always feed his meals inside the crate and give Jun 4, 2020 · Step 1: Medications are often needed. Take steps to prevent separation anxiety in your new dog by conditioning him to accept being left alone. pacing. We require a 4 week minimum commitment as Cherie graduated from George Mason University with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing and has served as a registered nurse for 14 years. These behaviors include "destruction, vocalization, elimination of urine and/or stool, anorexia, drooling, attempts at escape, and/or behavioral depression," according to Debra F. The Fundamentals of Your Separation Anxiety Training Plan May 22, 2019 In part one of this series, I shared my dog Escher’s story and my personal experience managing his separation anxiety. Our approach focuses on helping your dog make better choices and respond to you instead of their impulses. Destructive Behaviors . A thorough physical exam and lab work (blood and urine tests) will help determine if anything else is causing or contributing to your dog’s symptoms. Echterling-Savage, our pre-training team will analyze your Indirect Assessment of Canine Behavior to craft a personalized Jun 22, 2023 · Certain dog breeds are genetically predisposed to suffer from separation anxiety, while others may develop it due to a traumatic event such as being left in a kennel or boarding facility. Training Dogs Online Our CSATs train dogs online with basic technology anyone can use. Encourage and Reward Independent Behavior. Jan 3, 2024 · Q: Can I train my dog without professional help? A: While professional assistance is beneficial, you can train your dog with separation anxiety using the right techniques and guidance. In order to do that, you have to watch their body language to control how long you are gone. 10 Ways of Helping Your Puppy Overcome Separation Anxiety. Desensitization is the most effective method for training dogs with separation anxiety. We first must treat your dog’s emotional state before we can help them learn to cope better alone. Make Your Departures and Arrivals Low-Key. Sit Stay SF provides customized dog training in San Francisco, the Bay Area and beyond for behavior issues like aggression, reactivity, separation anxiety, and more. Rover. Desensitization. We’d love to bring you relief. Choose a comfortable and safe location for training Jun 25, 2024 · Most of them are natural and safe for use, even for a longer amount of time. According to the American Veterinary Medical Association, dog separation anxiety is one of the most common canine behavior problems and is diagnosed in 20-40% of dogs in North America. destructive behaviour such as scratching and chewing at doorways or furniture. Puppies adopted before eight weeks of age, mixed breeds, and puppies adopted from shelters are at the highest risk. Being physically present can inhibit progress with anxious dogs. Here are a few ways to get your pup active and stop the anxiety before it starts: Walks, runs, and swimming. Hire a Pet Sitter: Hiring a pet sitter to look after your dog while you are away can give them the attention and care they need. After treating hundreds of puppies suffering from separation anxiety, our data-driven puppy training programs can help reduce or eliminate separation anxiety in any puppy. With recurrent distress ranging in severity from mild anxiety to uncontrollable panic, it is one of the most difficult problem behaviors to overcome and is Mar 7, 2024 · The key difference here is in emotional state: A bored dog is unfulfilled and needs more outlets for their energy. May 18, 2024 · Abandonment. Leave the house for a few minutes and come back before your dog starts to whine or bark. About the Las Vegas Dog Wizard. In severe cases of separation anxiety, vets and behaviorists may suggest meds. 6:00 A,M, Time to start the your puppy routine over again. Nov 4, 2019 · In the beginning, you should leave your dog for just a few minutes and slowly build up to longer periods. This treatment often involves a long-term medication and short-term medication in the beginning. The best way to help your dog deal with separation anxiety is to permanently change his perception of what being alone means, one second at a time. According to a study cited in the article, separation anxiety affects as much as one in every four to six dogs, or 20-40% of dogs presented to canine Mar 19, 2019 · If you work from home, it’s very important to leave the home for at least a couple hours per day to make sure your dog is able to be left alone without displaying severe signs of stress. Mar 6, 2024 · Signs of separation anxiety in dogs can vary, and each dog may exhibit a unique combination of behaviors. Your vet can confirm that the symptoms you’ve noticed are really caused by separation anxiety and not a medical problem that needs attention. Symptoms of Separation Anxiety in Puppies How our remote separation anxiety training program works. Our 4-week Separation Anxiety Training Package is $900 and includes: Initial assessment to determine your dog’s starting place. The way I approach separation tra Separation anxiety is a psychological disorder that manifests in excessive barking, whining or crying, chewing, digging, urination, defecation, and other destructive behavior that is accompanied by excessive panting and drooling when the dog is left alone. — Andrea Booth, Jason Stivers, and Vox in Anderson Township. It can manifest in various ways, such as excessive barking, whining, chewing furniture, and trying to escape. Introduce the puppy to their crate. Adequate exercise before your departure can prevent signs of anxiety due to fatigue. Some common signs include: Excessive vocalization: Excessive barking, whining, or howling when left alone. Anti-Anxiety Medications. But before diving into dog training for separation anxiety, schedule a check-in with your vet. Jul 1, 2010 · Canine separation anxiety is a set of behaviors that occurs in some dogs when their owners or "family" are not present. If a dog is not properly housetrained, accidents can occur. I set up this group so that owners whose dog has The All-Inclusive Program for Separation Anxiety encompasses 20 training sessions across 5 intensive weeks with 2 follow-up sessions spanning a total of 22 training sessions over 8 weeks! After you submit your training contract and Indirect Assessment of Canine Behavior, our pre-training team, led by Dr. 2. Typically these behaviors occur only when you're gone, but some dogs are more worried about being alone while others are only worried about being separated from a particular person. A better solution is to use the technique outlined in this Apr 26, 2022 · Puppy separation anxiety is common and successfully treatable with a combination of desensitizing behavior training and medication. 4 months: 4 hours. When leaving your dog remember to keep your goodbyes low key and do the same when you return. One study with a sample of over 5,000 dogs bucketed all separation anxiety symptoms into seven different categories. We want them to remain relaxed throughout and not concerned by May 8, 2024 · Puppy separation anxiety is a behavioral issue that arises when your furry friend experiences excessive stress or panic when left alone or separated from their primary caregiver. Be careful not to confuse normal puppy behavior with a separation anxiety disorder. Then open the door and allow them to come out again by saying Nervous dogs often manifest their anxiety by vocalizing, being destructive, or peeing in the house. Crates can be a useful tool for helping them cope with puppy separation anxiety. Week one is the most intensive with 4 total sessions: The initial 90 minute consultation, one 60 minute Coaching session and two 30 minute Touch-In sessions. Jan 9, 2024 · How old your dog is generally correlates with the amount of time (in hours) that they can be alone. This exercise will help Step 3. 4-week Package. MORE. Your dog could be suffering from Separation Anxiety – when your dog exhibits fear-based behaviors when left alone, such as accidents in the home, drooling, barking, and destructive chewing. Continue this routine, moving progressively further away and for longer periods of time. Aug 11, 2022 · Every day I talk to people who struggle with their dogs anxiety. Anti-anxiety medication can help the pet calm down enough to learn the behavior modifications in more severe cases. Essential Manners, private, in-home manners training for dogs over 16 weeks who are new to training or who need a refresher. You meet with your separation anxiety trainer weekly for quick, virtual check-ins for 4 weeks. May 20, 2024 · Training is one of the most effective methods for teaching a dog to remain calm when left alone. Elimination Apr 21, 2021 · Provide plenty of exercise: Give yourself enough time before you need to leave for the day to take your dog for a walk or engage in at least 15 minutes of vigorous play. Causes In fact, remote training can typically work better than in-person training when tackling separation anxiety. If you can relate, keep reading for tips and advice that might help your anxious dog. Behavioral conditioning may be attempted alone first in mild cases. Schedule your free consultation. Understanding the root cause of this anxiety is crucial to implementing the right training techniques. TWO 30 minute Touch-In Sessions. Stages 9 and 10 practice going out and increasing the time your dog is left for, up to three hours. We cover all the essential obedience commands you need to communicate effectively with your dog. This training generally occurs virtually, since there is no added benefit to in-person work when focusing on separation anxiety. If using a crate, spend time outside the crate and toss toys into it for your puppy to play with or fetch. This can also help alleviate some stress and anxiety they may In order to get there, you need to crate train your dog with separation anxiety the right way, though. Key Takeaways. If progress is pushed too quickly with this panic disorder, the dog will typically regress. A dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist will be your best resource in creating a behavior modification program that suits your dog’s needs. Puppy Perfection, to get your new puppy off to the right start with foundational manners and more. If medications are needed for your pet, we offer Veterinary Behavior services in NYC, Westchester Country, NJ, and CO. Here are some tips: Commands: Teach basic commands like “sit,” “stay,” and “down” to build obedience and confidence. And that’s where we come in. The Separation Anxiety Specialists at Behavior Vets are on the cutting edge of data-supported, science-backed animal training and expertly apply these methods to the precise needs of each animal. schedule can greatly reduce anxiety and stress levels • Consider hiring a dog walker if you know your dog will be alone for long periods Crate Training • Many dogs with separation type anxiety have increased stress in smaller spaces, so crates are not ideal. However, it shouldn’t cause serious illness unless the anxiety is severe, perhaps trauma-related, and the dog is older or already in poor health. Dog Savvy offers 4 to 8-week, private, puppy training programs and 8 to 12-week, private, dog training programs for treating dog separation anxiety, leash reactivity, problem barking, and aggression. They likely show signs of boredom even when the entire family is home. Start off in short increments: 15 minutes to a half-hour at a time, then increase over time. Not only does it cause extreme panic in the dogs that are left alone, it creates extreme levels of stress for the humans who love them. Practice Gradual Separation. Private training for dogs with shy, fearful, reactive, and aggressive behaviors. We begin with a 90+ minute initial assessment on Zoom. Aug 17, 2023 · Dog separation anxiety is a condition where dogs experience fear and stress when separated from their owners or caregivers. urinating/defecating. Gradually introduce your dog to the crate, starting with short periods of It is essential that training happens at the dog’s pace. Keys to Take Away. We require a 4 week minimum commitment as Separation Anxiety 4-week Package. Easy, effective dog training solutions for the greater Cincinnati area, including: Anderson Township, Clifton, College Hill, Hyde Park, Loveland A dog with true separation anxiety is absolutely terrified by his owner’s approaching departure. If your dog reacts or moves, don't reward them and never punish them - instead go back to the previous stage. I'm Julie Naismith, specialist separation anxiety trainer and author of the brand new, bestselling separation anxiety training guide, Be Right Back! You'll get the most out of this group by following along with the training in the book. to/berightback to get your copy. Leave out a few fun toys – that you just bring out when you Oct 23, 2021 · Many dogs suffering from separation anxiety will destroy their possessions, such as toys and beds, as well as household furniture and objects, some will even hurt themselves by obsessively licking, scratching, and biting their limbs or tails out of distress and frustration. Walk to door and open it a crack [do not step outside]. It’s a natural response rooted in their pack mentality and strong desire for companionship. Types of separation anxiety symptoms. 4. Depending on your puppy’s age and ability to “hold it,” you may need to get up in the middle of the night to take the puppy out to potty. Separation Anxiety Training for Dogs . WEEK 2. People tend to focus on the anxieties and mental health of humans, but it’s important to remember that dogs can also face anxiety. drooling. Spectrum Canine, The Bay Area’s #1 Dog Trainer, Call Now (510) 405-4766. While there’s no one-size-fits-all solution, most dogs respond well to a combination of gradual desensitization, mental stimulation, and exercise. If your dog exhibits such symptoms, it’s crucial to seek professional help. Give your dog a special bone or chew toy and put them in the crate. After a few minutes, open the stair gate. Often the earlier you start medications the more successful treatment will be. If your dog is showing symptoms of separation anxiety, be sure to schedule a visit with their vet, as other medical conditions can cause similar symptoms. Slowly begin closing the crate door, say “good” when you close the door and toss a treat. Because of this we do require at least a 4-week commitment to start. McConnell, Ph. Talk to your veterinarian about the best options for your dog. Contact Us. After the Initial Assessment, what’s needed from you is: . The training is in ten stages: Stages 1-5 teach your dog to be relaxed when in/on their bed (“go to” and relax) Stages 6-8 build up their confidence in being left alone. So many every day dog owners create that separation anxiety by all the things they do or don WEEK 1. During this appointment we will go over some basic information about separation anxiety, explain the training plan, and conduct a live assessment of your dog’s behavior live when left alone for a short time. Reappear after a few seconds. Separation anxiety is a debilitating and heart-breaking condition that may be leaving you feeling helpless and defeated. During this in-home lesson, your trainer will focus on improvements you can make today in your environment and daily habits. Under 10 weeks: 1 hour. Prospective Client Form Benefits to Remote Training A 21st Century Approach to Relief Separation anxiety affects 17% of the […] May 7, 2022 · 3:00 A. We’ll help you every step of the way with unlimited support while enrolled in our training program. In which case, the anxiety may make things worse. Phase 1: Meet with Your Trainer. Dog Training For a period of up to 30 mins, maximum, practice going to the door and stepping outside the house for variable periods of time. 10-12 weeks: 2 hours. Create a positive association with the crate by using treats, favorite toys, and calming scents. Dilated pupils. ”. Although her first love for animals began as a child, her passion to become a Dog Trainer was influenced by years of professional and personal experience in canine assistance with patient recovery, emotional support, and child health and development. Tiring out your dog physically and mentally is the best tool you have for treating separation anxiety, says Lindsay Hamrick, a certified professional dog trainer and HSUS director of shelter outreach and engagement. To feel good about leaving your Goldendoodle home alone, here’s some info to get you prepped and ready! Dec 30, 2021 · As mentioned above, separation anxiety can cause stomach upsets in dogs. Most often, Separation Anxiety can be curbed with proper training and positive reinforcement. Many pet owners face the challenge of managing their dog’s separation anxiety. Nov 18, 2021 · Our ideal daily puppy routine article outlines a rather great schedule you can follow with your puppy. Before you assume your dog has separation anxiety, consider ALL of your dog’s behaviors. Cristina and Milo. trembling. Feb 17, 2018 · How to handle your dog's separation anxiety. And, in the beginning, it is. Be patient and consistent in easing your dog’s fears. Recognize separation anxiety symptoms: excessive barking, destructive behavior, and attempts to escape. Exercising Your Puppy. Contact us if you are struggling or need more advice at any time. panting. Exercise is an excellent method for reducing separation anxiety and boredom in dogs. Oct 10, 2023 · Trainers with the CSAT credential are highly trained to support your dog recover from separation anxiety. 6 Signs of Dog Separation Anxiety. Keep arrivals and departures calm. When you get your keys and prepare to leave the house, your dog starts to pace. 3 months: 3 hours. 3 days ago · 10 Tips For Managing Your Dog’s Separation Anxiety If your dog gets anxious when you leave, you’re not alone. Rocco has been training dogs for over 5 years and is a CPDT-KA certified dog trainer, a Fear Free certified dog trainer and an SA Pro Trainer Certified Separation Anxiety trainer. While this step alone won’t address longstanding separation anxiety, it can help to prevent an escalation of stress at departure May 16, 2023 · Use Calming Treats: Calming treats and supplements can help reduce anxiety in dogs. Led by Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, Dr. barking/howling. Feb 13, 2024 · How the Separation Anxiety Management Program Works. If other Jun 8, 2008 · 1. Your separation anxiety trainer is available to respond to your emails within 1 business day. Ask your dog to stay, then close an inside door between you. 45 Improvements in symptoms of separation-related problem behavior following standard doses of clomipramine of 1 mg/kg to <2 mg/kg every 12 hours have been Use the following tools and tips when training dogs who have issues with separation. Left untreated, separation anxiety only worsens with time. Here are the treatments to prevent a dog's separation anxiety. For example, if my dog started to panic the moment I walked out the door, I might start with the steps below on day 1. It is at this point that a dog shows signs of separation anxiety, such as drooling, urination, fast breathing, defecating, and destructive behavior. Find your starting point. WEEKS 3-6. However, a little destructiveness is fairly normal puppy behavior Jun 12, 2024 · Training plays a crucial role in managing separation anxiety. Separation anxiety training is a gradual process and because it is a complex behavior, we work extremely closely with our clients, 5 days a week. Patricia B. M. Spend time in the room or exercise pen with your puppy, playing, cuddling, or working on positive reinforcement training. . D. Schedules will do magic for puppy separation anxiety, as well as for other things too like toilet training. 5 months: 5 Sep 12, 2023 · Behavior Modification. Gradually Increase Periods of Independent Play. The distance and length of time that you increase will depend on your dog. Here’s a quick summary: To crate train a dog with separation anxiety, you need to go very slowly. 3. Crate Training: Use crate training to create a safe and comfortable space for your dog. However, seeking professional help from a veterinarian or Oct 30, 2014 · At a dose of 1 mg/kg every 12 hours, clomipramine increases passive behavior and decreases pacing, scratching, and whining of dogs with separation anxiety in the absence of their owners. Separation anxiety is a complicated and devastating disorder that affects approximately 15 percent of all dogs. 6 days ago · Separation anxiety in dogs is a prevalent issue, often manifesting as destructive behavior, excessive barking, or other signs of distress when left alone. Tire out your dog with long walks and puzzle treats. Close the stair gate behind you and go about your business as normal, but try to stay in eye and earshot of your puppy. Dogs can express separation anxiety and panic in many ways. This step is essential because some dogs have very low thresholds. uo xs sd zo rj co ix vo ao nt