Click once on the curve you created in Step 4. You can draw it with Fredo’s Bezier Spline extension from the Sketchucation Plugin store or the Bezier Curve tool in the Extension Warehouse. You’ll note that the text in yours gets stretched quite dramatically. filibis: Check these plugins: Curviloft and CurviShear. To define the circle’s radius, move the cursor away from the center point and click to set the circle’s Another brilliant extension created by Fredo6, Animator enables you to creating moving parts with your SketchUp model with ease. Using curves as the basis for a Follow Me path will result in a 3D Mar 31, 2024 · RoundCorner performs the rounding of the edges and corners of 3D shapes along a 2D profile, in 3 modes: Round corners, Sharp corners and Bevel. Plugin Name : Bezier SplineBy : Fredo6Download : https://goo. The radius of the arc is equal to the width of the square. ( Viewing a Model explains SketchUp's viewing options. Or perhaps convert it to an image with a screenshot of the text, import it as a texture the project it on to your curved May 20, 2019 · Rounding Parameters > Offset. Use the ‘Eraser’ tool and tap the [Ctrl] key once to soften the edges that you swipe over. For example, typing 2x creates two instances of the same offset. When you have those various edges, then [if you want them as part of a ‘smooth’ curve] select them, and then use a plugin/extension like: Make sure the Arc tool is selected. FredoSpline is an extension dealing with Curves based on Control Points. rabisabi December 8, 2017, 3:57pm 8. Use the “Shape Bender” plugin to make from 1 step the shape curved by path from 2 step. You can reconstruct the curved surface by stitching the vertices around the facing curves as shown on the following picture. I want to create curved lighting in SketchUp. Jun 20, 2016 · A Bezier curve with a single control point between the ends is a segment of a parabola. sgiblin54: I use the free version but all i can find is extensions to round. the created graph represents the graph in segmented form in SketchUp and is plain geometry, edges forming a segmented curve. When you need to rotate an entity in the drawing area, follow these steps: Select one or more entities that you want to rotate. millet May 19, 2020, 10:31am 2. So far I just smash a bunch of 3 point curves and simple curves together but it is unsatisfactory. ) Move the cursor away from the center point and click again to set the arc’s starting point. This is an exclusive video tutorial for sketchup users for learning how to create the design of a curved ramp in sketchup. Simply create the first and last frames of the movement you want, then hit play and watch your dynamic model shift into motion. I thought I could make the basic outline and extrude it using the follow me tool, only to be told that I can’t extrude a curved surface. RoundCorner can make rounded edges with round or sharp corners. jimhami42 October 24, 2021, 7:14pm 3. The Soften Edges feature may remind you of a stick of butter or a chocolate bar that got too warm in the sun. (See Callout 1. However, with the right tips and techniques, it is possible to master this skill and create stunning 3D designs that are sure to impress. To create a shared vertex, click at each point where the shapes overlap. Hi, i am very new to Sketchup. 1. ) With the Rotate tool selected, you then lock the protractor cursor in the blue direction and click the top to set the angle's vertex (Callout 1). For example draw an arc and draw a line to fill in the faces of arc , you can use Nov 1, 2017 · SketchUp. smooth ‘curves’ without segmentation. After Step 2, simply press the up arrow or down arrow key. Then click on the icon “Trim” . Curving 3D text in SketchUp is an excellent way to add a dynamic and eye-catching element to your designs. I was thinking of another one but haven’t found it yet. Skinning creates surfaces bounded by 4 or 3 contiguous contours. The Dave Method Jan 18, 2019 · Note that you need to ‘Weld’ the multiple lines together if your path made up of multiple arcs/lines. john_mcclenahan March 29, 2021, 1:27am 3. Jun 17, 2014 · In this session, learn how easy it is to create curved shapes such as domes and spheres in sketchup using the follow me tool. The rounded peaks Jun 9, 2021 · Use the arc, push pull, bezier curves extension, the sandbox, JHS Powerbar extension, and follow me to make curved, organic forms. Sep 29, 2014 · File Size 1. patreon. Is there a way to curve a group around a face? I also tried making it directly on the face of the curve with the arch and circle tools but parts of the shape get hidden by the curve. First select the inclined plane group. (Callout 3) Move the cursor clockwise or counter-clockwise and then click to set the arc’s ending point. Feb 12, 2016 · It’s not immediately obvious what your issue is. Apr 5, 2015 · Don’t know if that matters. I have it but it distorts the object that you curve in strange ways. As for finding the focus, I don’t know of an extension to do it but you could work it out graphically. Here’s a quick example. tt_su December 1, 2017, 1:07pm 5. Jannika March 26, 2017, 8:35pm 1. To purchase a license of FredoSpline, go to this page. (Callout 4) Aug 2, 2015 · Is there a way to add thickness to surfaces in SketchUp for Schools? Thanks!! paul. You can use shorter segments to make smoother looking curves but they will never be perfectly smooth as you are expecting. Click and drag the center grip to a new location. 2 Likes. On behalf of @jody, I must protest the misuse of this category. Type a number and the letter X to create multiple offsets as once. If you need a plugin for this, you can have a look at the fillet tool from TIGs 2D tools…. Louvres2. Aug 5, 2019 · curve driven patterns. Jun 1, 2023 · Learn how to curve edges in Sketchup with this easy-to-follow tutorial. RoundCorner also supports concave corners (always rendered as Round) and non-orthogonal edge faces. Download Animator here. In SketchUp, the Tape Measure tool, the Protractor tool, and the Measurements box enable you to model precisely:With the Tape Measure tool (), you can measure a distance and set precise guide lines or guide points. So first I draw this shape with its dimensions and fillets. I am trying to draw out a boat and need to connect several points in a smooth curve. I have yet to discover the method for doing this. Fredoscale works better for bending but I still not getting Feb 15, 2016 · There are a couple of options for applying the text to a curved surface. Curves are easier to select, group, and organize in your SketchUp model. 10 Likes. Type the desired amount you want to offset the corners by and hit enter. robertmmcdermott December 16, 2014, 8:01am 1. Loft along Path joins contours, along a given rail curve. Oct 13, 2023 · Thank you for watching my videos,If you are enjoying them, don't forget to like, subscribe, share & commentAmazon Affiliate Links:Acer Predator Helios 300 :- Sep 29, 2020 · Another possibility, which would use the existing SketchUp model with its somewhat coarse curve geometry, is to see if the rendering package has a way to enable what is called “Phong shading” on the surfaces in question. Is there anyway to import better curve ? Thank you for your help. There are plugins that will return segments to arcs so you get that info, a very old one that I have used forever is Lines to Arcs from Sketchucation. The cursor will now have a tiny ‘2’ attached and the message at the bottom will read; “Select the 2nd solid” or something like that. Here is the example I was making for you while you were playing. The back of the banquette looks like an asymmetrical wave in that it is higher at the right side than the left side when looking straight at the middle wall. Click and drag the rotation grip. With the Push/Pull cursor, click the face that you want to expand. ai to . Truebend, Shapebender, and Radial Bending are three extensions that spring to mind. It would certainly speed up my project work-flow. However, you can still edit the original arc. Silverback October 11, 2017, 11:59am 6. tweenulzeven January 5, 2024, 8:29am 3. The 3d Export includes Arcs, Circles etc as those equivalent CAD things - i. 3 KB) Here is the file. Screenshot - 3_14_2022 , 3_25_51 PM803×575 12. Create any kind of curve that represents its real length (1000mm) and “organic” view. 3. On each end I’ve drawn an arc, which has been pushed in as far as possible. dwg then import to SketchUp. There is an exception to this behavior: If you create a circular arc with three segments or more, SketchUp detects and preserves the arc entity in the offset. Mar 24, 2017 · example:http: Smustard(TM) - the Companion to Sketchup(TM) - GraphIt. Pick the edges you want to round by clicking them. This option brings up an options box where you can enter the text you’d like to create. To draw a circle, follow these steps: Select the Circle tool ( ). GeneralGriff December 1, 2017, 1:09pm 6. May 10, 2018 · In addition, there are also a lot more curves that can be created very precisely using the Curve maker “Draw a curve” menu option. Aug 2, 2019 · And I need to make some organic view of it. May 31, 2015 · Hello, I am trying to make a tiki mug. So we spent our Facebook live Dec 5, 2015 · I am trying to make a model of a rocket ship to be used as custom scenery in a game. 13. C. Today, I will show you how to create curve stairs using shape bender tool in sketchUp. paul. Kwin May 6, 2023, 6:38am 9. Loft by Spline joins separate contours, open or closed, by smooth splines. By applying Trimble's advanced positioning solutions, productivity increases and safety improvements are being realized. sketchup. Jun 30, 2017 · If you have not modified the circle, it can be edited using the Entity Info window. One of the most challenging aspects of using Sketchup Pro is drawing curved surfaces that look smooth and natural. This is an example of what I have now vs what I would like… but I really have tried to find something When offsetting a Bezier curve (which isn't a true Bezier), you can change the number of segments in the curve. Pulling a 3D shape from a face. Then draw the arcs so they are laying on the face of the rectangle. In the first step, we need to make a middle line in 3d model space. Once I have drawn a curve (can be composed of say a circular radius, a straight line and a bezier curve), how can I find out how long it measures? Gully_Foyle November 1, 2014, 10:01pm 3. Then double click near any other corners to repeat the same radius fillet. 6 KB) DaveR March 14, 2022, 8:27pm 6. We can do it with SketchUp native Draw Edge Tool or use the incline SketchUp edge plugin. You can try Chris Fullmeres Shape Bender extension: Extension | SketchUp Extension Warehouse. `) }} {{ $t(`Please try again in a few minutes. Using the Soften Edges feature, along with the Smooth edge property, changes the visibility of edges and can make your model look more realistic with less geometry. Mar 8, 2018 · Explode Curve – This explodes curves into individual edges. There is a lot of different options both using extensions or not using extensions, but we will cover both in this article. hello, you could use the copy along path plugin, or equivalent. com/thesketchupessentialshttp Start by selecting the whole telescope and then select Camera > Standard Views > Top to see the telescope from above. Distance from Origin 3,551. 33mansoori May 19, 2020, 10:23am 1. Hope this helps. Also this plugin might useful for drawing curvy splines: BezierSpline. After replacing your “line” with a new one, select the text component. 8. john_mcclenahan June 30, 2017, 6:58pm 3. As @DaveR noted, curves in SketchUp are made up of short lines. After drawing the curves, weld them and then ‘convert to curve’ (Fredo Spline) and set the number of segments you want. Oct 8, 2015 · There is a difference between 2d and 3d DWG/DXF Exports. Option for Auto-exit when launched from contextual menu or pre-selection. The follow me tool allows you to extrude objects in SketchUp along paths, a Feb 4, 2018 · Follow me Curved surface 011920×1041 141 KB. Make a shortcut key to toggle between viewing hidden / not viewing hidden geometry for your entire model. The first would be to extrude the flat text through the curved surface and intersect the two. The way to construct parts like that is to draw the complete profile flat and then just Push/Pull to thickness. Aug 19, 2016 · Learn Sketchup tutorial how to create bending text along curve line with shape bender plugins, check it out!!!Don't forget guys, if you like our videos pleas Shape bender will allow you to create a shape, then bend it along a curve or a path to create cool shapes in SketchUp!♦DOWNLOAD SHAPE BENDER♦ https://extensi Aug 31, 2020 · Native SketchUp lacks various features that would be very useful for mechanical design drawings, such as accurate circles and circular arcs, with associated features such as arc and line intersections. Material Count. Notice the Measurements toolbar becomes active when you launch the Bezier Curve tool. For example, let's draw it like this: Apr 1, 2024 · Perpetual license (3 seats): $30 (~28€) Rush license (3 seats, valid 21 days from purchase date): $8 (~7€) Information on licensing extensions at Sketchucation: this post. Now click on the Extruded Curved Surface. To pull out a face and thus add volume to your model, follow these steps: Select the Push/Pull tool () or press the P key. Select all geometry, right click on it, choose Soften/Smooth. Click again to deselect an edge. I’m attaching a picture to show what Sep 19, 2015 · Bezier Curve Tool by SketchUp Team — Extension Warehouse. Don’t move a muscle! Mar 7, 2019 · In this sketchup tutorial we cover a user submitted question by Reverse. Curves are always represented by short straight line segments in SketchUp. DaveR October 11, 2017, 11:53am 5. lrheimpel November 1, 2014, 8:15pm 1. Mar 14, 2022 · Attached is the new model. Jul 30, 2015 · Using Sketchup Make 2015. Corners can have 2, 3, or more edges. I’ve attached the actual file (. Modified Date Sep 29, 2014. without plugin you will have to offset/copy the curved surface and do the stitches, I’m afraid ! Or try to create the same surface from a profile with the follow-me tool. How do you project a curved surface onto a flat plane? I essentially want to create an elevation of the front of a train so I can draw the windows that will be draped back onto it but I first need a flat interpretation of the front curved surface. May 15, 2016 · Use the 2nd from the right called “Trim”. skp pro 2017) along with a screenshot of the idea. millet August 5, 2019, 9:42am 2. If you have made changes to the geometry, then you can’t use Entity info, anymore. The common characteristics of Curvizard tools are: Support Pre-selection mode, with launch from toolbar, main menu, and contextual menu. e. com/pluginstore?pln=JHS_Powerbar_2019PathCopy allows you to select a path edge, curve, or polyline and then select Feb 7, 2017 · 3D Warehouse is a website of searchable, pre-made 3D models that works seamlessly with SketchUp. It’s very similar to the built-in SketchUp explode curves tool with one difference – it will work on curves inside groups and components. You can check or uncheck the Oct 17, 2018 · In this video, learn how to use PathCopy - a SketchUp Extension that allows you to create copies of objects at different spacings along paths!Want to Support Nov 11, 2018 · If you need a copy of them, select them and copy them with Edit>Copy or Move/Copy as appropriate. In this video, we check out Curvishear - a SketchUp Extension from Fredo6 contained inside the FredoTools Toolset that allows you to quickly create ramps fro . The space I am working with is like a U, so two shorter side walls and then a long middle wall. It can also make bevels (far right). Is there an extension like “tween” (in rhino) in sketchup? paul. Thank you. This sample case is example, I wonder why the curve from logo font is smoother than logo curve. skp (210. This tool allows you to create smooth and seamless curves on your text, giving it a more three-dimensional appearance. By providing them as a single package, it is possible to What distinguishes solid construction and design from an M. 3D Warehouse is a website of searchable, pre-made 3D models that works seamlessly with SketchUp. 4 KB. ai which I have to import to work in SketchUp. Very likely this is something quite small and you’re running into a thing in which SketchUp won’t create very short edge segments and thus very small faces. You need to bend the text then intersect it with the curved face. lighting. This can work but probably isn’t the best for tight radius curves because the projection will result in distorted letters. p. Reverse asked how to make a curved roof in sketchup. SketchUp. In SketchUp, however, the Soften Edges feature won't compromise your model’s structural integrity. ly/ShapeBenderSKETCHUP FOR BEGINNERS:? Apr 1, 2024 · Overview of Curvizard. Click to place the circle’s center point. If your copying along a single arc, the regular protractor/rotate tool works well too. -AK. So the easiest way to create a curve shape in Sketchup is to use Push Pull Tool and executed. (Optional) Change the center of rotation. Dec 31, 2018 · DaveR December 31, 2018, 12:31am 2. Oct 24, 2021 · Short answer: No. You can use the native tools, as in this tutorial model. May 17, 2018 · When you install it, you can find it under the “Draw” menu under “Editable 3D text. Fredo6 Tools (CurviShear) FredoTools group a series of individual plugins. May 19, 2020 · modeling. I want to put an eye on it and made the eye but realized because of the curve of the cup it wouldn’t stay along the face of the cup. Mar 31, 2024 · Curviloft is a script dedicated to Loft and Skinning, that is, generation of surfaces from contours. This is such a simple and common process there must be a way to do it. It includes the following families of curves. Hello, you can’t create a curved section plane in sketchup (and I’ve never seen 2D sections from “curved sections” in my short life as an architect, your tunnel should be cut by a 3-segments-section from what I can see) but you could get close to it by slicing your tunnel Jan 22, 2023 · Hello I often got logo file . Based on the documentation, it does this in two Mar 28, 2021 · Box March 29, 2021, 12:59am 2. hello, you have the curviloft extension which has different tools that can do something similar. It’s super easy to just trace curves with its classic bezier curve tool. I create a shape (square) in one plane, and a half circle arc in a perpendicular plane. Tag Count 1. ”. Curves will create a smoothed face automatically when push/pulled. Start by showing us at least an image of what you mean by “curved lighting”. Geo November 4, 2018, 7:43pm 14. Therow November 1, 2017, 9:30pm 1. With practice you’ll find you don’t need the face but starting out, it’s often easier. Dec 10, 2021 · Better would be to soften them. Hover the cursor over the rotation grip. `) }} {{ $t(`View the developer's other Nov 1, 2014 · SketchUp. For a cleaner result, you can give thickness to your component that you want to copy and then intersect them all with the outer face of your curved object In today's video, learn to use the extension solid tools inside of SketchUp to create a wall that curves both left and right, as well as up and down! This ca Download free plugin:https://sketchucation. cudaboy_71 August 2, 2018, 8:39pm 1. Hi. millet December 8, 2017, 3:43pm 7. Hi Hopefully May 6, 2023 · Even if you use the technique from the first option, you can get a smooth curve. So be careful with a scaled version as to what math equation that will represent! In today's video, we're going to use the extensions Flowify and Curviloft to create a curving organic structure in SketchUp!WANT SKETCHUP HELP? CHECK OUT THE Oct 2, 2014 · When you draw any circular surface, select the 2 point arc tool to draw an arc in the direction you want your “bend to go. leemingyu11 January 5, 2024, 1:29am 1. If the centers of all of your floating disks represent the nodes of some curve that you want to create, then simply draw lines between those centers. Explode the component and the nest, make the component so the axes are parallel to the models axes and set the components axes as shown below. 2. I used the curve nearest the red axis. May 26, 2021 · 1) Extruding a Curve Face With Push Pull Tool. ) Select the Split tool ( ). Then select the “round corner” button from the Freedo6 plugin. Aug 19, 2019 · At its simplest, here’s what it does: Click on an icon in the Round Corner toolbar to activate one of the “modes”: Round, Sharp or Bevel. activate Shape Bender, click on the line, then the arc and hit Enter. To join two or more shapes, follow these steps: With the Select tool ( ), drag the shapes so they overlap in the way that you want to join the shapes, as shown in the following figure, which has three shapes. Note that your text will live update as you type it in the box, which is a big improvement over the built-in SketchUp text editor. 1 Like. Jun 1, 2017 · I am trying to design a banquette for a kitchen and am having trouble trying to figure out how to build some complex curves. skp (352. Architizer’s Tech Directory is a database of tech tools for Mar 21, 2023 · Are you tired of drawing curved lines freehand in Sketchup and not getting the desired results? Well, fear not my friend, because the Arc Tool in Sketchup is Mar 21, 2024 · Draw a curved edge that represents the bending path for your new shape. You can then click and drag the different Dec 16, 2014 · Follow Me around curved path. 3dwarehouse. Aug 16, 2016 · Use one guide or an edge to find the starting point on one edge, use the magenta inference on a two point arc with double click to finish. Jan 5, 2024 · SketchUp. With a large radius, the distortion won’t be noticeable. All entities are comprised of straight lines. One of the cool functions about this extension is that you can live edit most of your different curves by right clicking on them, then selecting the edit curve function. I have looked around in the forum for answer to my question but I can’t find any. Because there are many solutions to calculate Nov 10, 2023 · Using the Follow Me Tool for Curved Text. You can make a curve appear smoother by increasing the number of facets or straight edges in the curve, but it will always be a collection of straight lines. DaveR February 4, 2018, 11:08pm 2. Or type absolute coordinates in the Measurements box and press Enter (Microsoft Windows) or Return (Mac OS X). For instance, welding a series of imported contour lines makes it much easier to select multiple contours with one selection window. Aug 20, 2020 · The straight line needs to be one continuous line. Yeah! Use bezier spline. Here you can see I explode your welded curve, (context menu off screen) then find two segments of equal length and use the plugin on those, you only Nov 4, 2018 · Edit: This does not form a perfect rounded cube, there are tiny overlaps in the corners that need cleaning up to make a solid. Here is a screen shot of one of the fins: 451×659 29. To create the model of curved ramp the following types of sketchup plugins are used :-. Could you show at least a screenshot of part of your model where you want to change the number of segments, and the Entity Info window Feb 16, 2018 · This video contains 6 great tips for working with the follow me tool in SketchUp. Bounds 13,291 x 14,596 x 3,363. I need to extrude a shape 180 degrees around an axis of rotation, but Follow Me doesn’t do it correctly…. Then select the follow-me tool, click and hold your left mouse button on the surface and “drag” along the arc that you drew. skp (112. The problem I am having is trying to make the fins. Want to Support the SketchUp E In this video, learn to use the extension flowify to create patterns along complex faces in SketchUp! This can be used to create complex objects WITH THICKNE Mar 26, 2017 · SketchUp. Forestr November 11, 2018, 5:19am 5. Units of Measure inches. Oct 11, 2017 · Now I need to draw a better curve. Tip: If you need to push/pull a face that’s difficult Jun 8, 2022 · Just checking — SketchUp is a surface modeler. Hold the modify key (option/alt) to create what’s called a Polar Array…then copy it to end of path and enter “/ (number of copies you want Jul 9, 2015 · SketchUp. s. Try undoing and scale the model up by a factor of 100. The selected face becomes shaded, as shown in the following figure. download plugin here: http://bit. This is what SketchUp uses to render adjacent faces which have been “smoothed” (in SketchUp terms). Only downside is it’s not exact, it’s more for artistic flowy curves. Better, use the Dave Method. Select the group or component you want to bend. L shape Sofa - - 3D Warehouse We use web browser cookies to create content and ads that are relevant to you. You might find it easier to start by drawing a large rectangle on the ground plane. I’ve got the primary curve drawn and extruded. Mar 8, 2018 · This week, we’re going to check out an extension that’s designed to help us edit and simplify curves and contours in SketchUp. Now, I’m trying to create the compound curve on the bottom side of the part. But the Export as 2d always makes everything out of Lines - and irrespective of the SKP’s Circle’s segment count in the 2d CAD version it has 24s…. One of the most efficient ways to achieve this is by using the Follow Me tool. Under the “rounding parameters” options select the “offset” button to set the offset amount. com. Note: Offsetting an arc entity creates a curve entity that cannot be edited. I’ve been looking for a plugin or some other easy operation that can turn line segments on a flat plane into something resembling Bezier Curves. It will allow you to copy with an equal spacing. Choose Plugins > Chris Fullmer Tools > Shape Bender to activate the tool. (See Callout 2 in the following figure. Note: I published recently a plugin, FredoCorner, which is based {{ $t(`This extension is no longer available or is currently being updated. Curvizard is a suite of interactive tools operating on sequences of edges (Contours) and Sketchup curves. I did find this SketchUp Plugins: Extruding and Offsettin Curved Faces | CAD (and BIM) Addict But I did not manage to make it work with SU17. Click to set a center point. My current workflow if to export . Yours is made of two segments. Positioning-centric information is changing the way people, businesses and governments work throughout the world. On the other hand, the somewhat minimal native drawing tools are relatively easy to learn and surprisingly powerful. Escher optical illusion? Accurate measurements. Checkout more of our free sketch Jul 27, 2022 · Arcs will give you a radius but not curves. 7 KB) paul. Light travels in a straight path, normally…. jlinton July 9, 2015, 6:14pm 1. gl/7LVBrhComplete Video On How to use Bezier Spline in SketchUpDraw all types of Curves in sketchup Nov 1, 2018 · In this video, learn to use curvishear, a tool contained in Fredo's Want to Support the SketchUp Essentials? http://www. It seems you’re not aware of a fundamental feature of the SketchUp GUI … the Measurements Toolbar By default the Measurements toolbar is located at bottom right of the SU window. What I want to do is to offset a curved surface. May 10, 2024 · Sketchup Pro is a powerful tool for 3D designers looking to create complex, organic shapes. Problem I always have is curve line is not smooth as original. Nov 22, 2023 · Draw a bent pipe with SketchUp native tools; Create it using a SketchUp extension for curved pipe; Using native tools to draw a curved pipe. Click once on the straight edge you drew in Step 3. millet April 24, 2019, 2:20pm 2. Cleanup Contours – This tool will look at different contour lines and try to clean them up. Master the tools and techniques needed to create smooth curves and add dimensionality Drawing a circle. Dec 1, 2017 · Bend To Curve. Gully_Foyle April 5, 2015, 5:14pm 3. Aug 2, 2018 · SketchUp. Double click on the object you want to round the corners of. Apr 24, 2019 · 1298×805 367 KB. What should I do? DaveR January 5, 2024, 2:19am 2. As for making the curves tangent to each other, that’ll have to Positioning-centric information is changing the way people, businesses and governments work throughout the world. 1 MB. ff mw ri ga sk io kb ea jz kw